Shin Splints

Sports with repetitive running and jumping (e.g., track, basketball, soccer) increase the risk of shin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome).
This overuse injury causes pain along the inner shinbone and is often triggered by rapid training increases, poor footwear, or hard surfaces.
Risk factors include flat feet, muscle imbalances, and improper training techniques.
Prevention includes gradual training progression, proper warm-ups, and strengthening the lower leg and core.
Shin splints account for 13–17% of all running-related injuries and up to 35% in military recruits and athletes.

Signs and Symptoms

Mild

Dull pain during activity
Slight tenderness along shin
Improves with warm-up

Moderate

Sharp pain during & after exercise
Noticeable swelling
Persistent discomfort

Severe

Intense pain, even at rest
Pain worsens with pressure
Possible stress fracture risk

Immediate Care (RICE Method)

Rest: Reduce running/jumping activities; consider low-impact exercises (swimming, cycling)
Ice: Apply ice (15-20 min, every 2-3 hours) for first 48 hours
Compression: Use calf compression sleeves for support
Elevation: Elevate legs to reduce swelling
OTC Pain Relief: NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) as recommended

When to See a Doctor

Pain persists despite rest
Swelling that doesn’t subside
Pain even when not bearing weight
Signs of a possible stress fracture (sharp, localized pain, bruising)

Professional Treatement

Non-Surgical:

Physical therapy (stretching & strengthening)
Orthotics for better arch support
Gait analysis to correct running form

Surgical (Rare Cases):

Surgery for severe cases (fasciotomy)
Bone stimulation for stress fractures

Prevention Strategies

Strength Training:
- Calf raises, tibialis anterior exercises
- Toe taps, resistance band exercises
Biomechanics & Neuromuscular Training:
- Gradual progression in activity levels
- Dynamic warm-ups before running
Gear Recommendations:
- Shock-absorbing running shoes
- Arch-support insoles (if needed)

Latest Research

Shockwave therapy is a non-invasive treatment that may speed up recovery from shin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome). It works by using acoustic waves to stimulate healing. Studies show that 85% of patients treated with focused shockwave therapy returned to their sport within 15 months, compared to 47% in a control group. It's a promising option, especially for those with chronic symptoms.