Achilles

High-impact sports like running, jumping, and soccer pose a significant risk for Achilles tendon injuries, including tendinopathy, ruptures, and muscle strains.
Major risk factors include previous injuries, poor biomechanics, and excessive training loads.
Preventive measures, such as neuromuscular training, load management, and gradual progression can reduce injury risk by up to 50%.
Achilles tendon issues account for 5–12% of running-related injuries

Signs and Symptoms

Mild

Dull ache in the back of the heel
Mild swelling near the tendon
Stiffness in the morning
Pain eases with warm-up

Moderate

Sharp pain during activity
Significant swelling and tenderness
Persistent pain, even at rest
Worsening pain with movement

Severe

Sudden, intense pain with a popping sound
Difficulty walking or standing on toes
Visible gap or indentation in the tendon
Complete loss of function

Immediate Care (RICE Method)

Rest: Avoid weight-bearing activities; use crutches if necessary
Ice: Apply ice (15-20 min, every 2-3 hours) to reduce swelling
Compression: Use an elastic bandage or brace for support
Elevation: Keep the foot elevated to minimize swelling
Pain Relief: NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) as recommended

When to see a doctor

Sudden, severe pain or an audible pop in the tendon
Swelling that worsens despite home treatment
Inability to stand on tiptoes or push off when walking
Visible deformity in the Achilles tendon area

Professional Treatment

Non-Surgical:

Physical therapy (stretching & strengthening)

Heel lifts or orthotic inserts for support

Eccentric strengthening exercises

Surgical (For Ruptures):

Surgical tendon repair

Post-op immobilization (cast or boot)

Long-term rehab (6–12 months)

Prevention Strategies

Strength Training:
- Calf raises, eccentric heel drops
- Resistance band exercises for ankle stability
Flexibility & Warm-ups:
- Stretch calves and Achilles tendon daily
- Gradually increase workout intensity
Gear Recommendations:
- Supportive footwear with proper heel cushioning
- Orthotic inserts for foot alignment correction

Latest Research

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy shows promise in speeding up Achilles tendon healing. PRP therapy, which uses a patient’s own platelets to heal tendon injuries, shows mixed results for Achilles tendinopathy. Studies suggest about 85% of patients return to activity, but RCTs show no significant difference between PRP and placebo. The effectiveness of PRP likely varies based on preparation methods and patient selection, with more research needed